Jean-François Champollion was a French philologist and historian who deciphered the Rosetta Stone in 1822, which allowed the translation of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Heinrich Schliemann was a German businessman and amateur archaeologist who discovered the ruins of Troy in 1870.

Bedouin shepherds discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947 in Qumran Caves, located near the Dead Sea in the West Bank.

Howard Carter was a British archaeologist who discovered the intact tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun in 1922.

Chinese farmers discovered the Terracotta Army in 1974 while digging a well near the city of Xi'an in China.

Arthur Evans was a British archaeologist who discovered the Minoan civilization at Knossos on the island of Crete in the early 20th century.

Giuseppe Fiorelli was an Italian archaeologist who discovered the ancient city of Pompeii in 1860.

Max Uhle was a German archaeologist who discovered the Inca city of Machu Picchu in 1911.

Henri Mouhot was a French naturalist and explorer who discovered the ancient city of Angkor in 1860.

Hiram Bingham was an American explorer and historian who discovered the Inca city of Machu Picchu in 1911.

Johann Ludwig Burckhardt was a Swiss explorer who discovered the ancient city of Petra in 1812.

Austen Henry Layard was a British archaeologist who discovered the ruins of Nineveh in 1845.

R. D. Banerji was an Indian archaeologist who discovered the ancient city of Mohenjo-daro in 1922.

James Henry Breasted was an American archaeologist who discovered the tomb of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari in 1903.