The prefrontal cortex, particularly the medial prefrontal cortex, is often associated with the conscious experience of self and self-awareness.

Neural correlates of consciousness (NCCs) refer to the specific patterns of neural activity that are associated with conscious awareness.

The global workspace theory proposes that consciousness arises from the interactions between different brain regions, forming a global workspace that integrates and broadcasts information to various parts of the brain.

The temporal binding window refers to the brief period of time during which different sensory inputs can be integrated and perceived as a single, coherent event.

Delta waves, which are slow, high-amplitude brainwaves, are associated with deep sleep and the loss of consciousness.

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs or expectations, while ignoring or discounting information that contradicts them.

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in arousal, attention, and consciousness. It is involved in regulating the activity of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), which is responsible for maintaining wakefulness and alertness.

Introspection refers to the process of consciously examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

The amygdala is a brain region that is heavily involved in the processing and regulation of emotions, including fear, anger, and sadness.

Dissociation refers to a mental state in which a person is consciously aware of their own thoughts and actions, but is unable to control them. This can occur in response to trauma or stress.

Emergentism is a theory that proposes that consciousness is an emergent property of complex systems, such as the brain. This means that consciousness arises from the interactions between the various components of the system, rather than being a separate entity.

Aphasia is a disorder that affects the ability to produce and understand language. It can result from damage to the brain regions responsible for language processing, such as Broca's area and Wernicke's area.

The insula is a brain region that is involved in the processing of pain, as well as other bodily sensations, such as temperature and touch.

Amnesia is a disorder that affects the ability to remember information. It can result from damage to the brain regions responsible for memory, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala.

Panpsychism is a theory that proposes that consciousness is a fundamental property of the universe, rather than an emergent property of complex systems. This means that consciousness is present in all matter, even at the most basic level.