Keystone species play a disproportionately large role in maintaining the structure and function of their ecosystems, relative to their abundance.

Sea otters are keystone species because they prey on sea urchins, which helps maintain kelp forests. Kelp forests provide habitat and food for a variety of marine organisms, and they also help stabilize coastlines and absorb carbon dioxide.

The loss of a keystone species can have a ripple effect on an ecosystem, leading to a decline in biodiversity, disruption of ecosystem processes, and a trophic cascade, where the populations of species that rely on the keystone species for food or habitat are also affected.

A trophic cascade is a series of interactions between species in a food web, where the loss or decline of a species at one trophic level affects the populations of other species at different trophic levels.

Conserving keystone species is important for maintaining ecosystem balance and stability, preventing the extinction of other species, and protecting biodiversity.

Human activities such as habitat destruction, pollution, overexploitation, and climate change can all threaten keystone species.

Strategies for conserving keystone species include protecting their habitats, reducing pollution, managing harvesting and hunting, and educating the public about their importance.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), and Ramsar Convention on Wetlands all aim to protect keystone species and their habitats.

Keystone species play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity by controlling populations of other species, creating and maintaining habitats, and providing food and resources for other species.

Keystone species can influence nutrient cycling, regulate water flow and quality, and affect the rate of decomposition, thereby shaping ecosystem processes.

Coral trout are keystone species in coral reef ecosystems, as they prey on herbivorous fish that would otherwise overgraze corals. Their presence helps maintain the health and diversity of coral reefs.

Conserving keystone species can contribute to climate change mitigation by regulating carbon dioxide levels, enhancing carbon sequestration, and promoting ecosystem resilience to climate change impacts.

The term 'keystone effect' is used to describe the disproportionately large impact that keystone species have on their ecosystems relative to their abundance.

Sea otters are keystone species in kelp forests, as they prey on sea urchins that would otherwise overgraze kelp. Their presence helps maintain the health and diversity of kelp forests.

Conserving keystone species can contribute to sustainable development by maintaining ecosystem services, supporting livelihoods and economies, and enhancing human well-being.