Industrial Ecology aims to reduce the environmental impact of industrial processes by minimizing waste and pollution, promoting resource efficiency, and fostering circularity.

The circular economy model emphasizes resource recovery and reuse to minimize waste and promote sustainability, in contrast to the linear production model, which involves extracting, producing, and discarding.

Eco-design involves considering the environmental impact of a product or system throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal.

Manufacturing processes often involve energy-intensive activities, the use of hazardous materials, and the generation of waste and pollution, contributing to environmental impacts.

Life cycle assessment involves evaluating the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product's life cycle, from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal.

The triple bottom line concept recognizes the importance of balancing environmental, social, and economic factors in decision-making for sustainable development.

Industrial symbiosis involves the exchange of materials, energy, and by-products between different industries, creating a network of interconnected businesses that benefit from resource efficiency and reduced waste.

The Paris Agreement is an international agreement that aims to limit global warming and address climate change by setting targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Biomimicry involves drawing inspiration from nature's designs and processes to create innovative and sustainable solutions for human challenges.

Full cost accounting involves considering all environmental and social costs associated with a product or service, including those that are not directly borne by the consumer, such as pollution, resource depletion, and health impacts.

Recycling involves processing waste or by-products to create new materials or products that can be used again.

Modular design involves designing products and systems with interchangeable components that can be easily disassembled, repaired, and reused, extending their lifespan and reducing waste.

Sustainable design involves considering the environmental, social, and economic impacts of a product or system throughout its entire life cycle, aiming to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive ones.

Supply chain management involves coordinating and managing the flow of goods and services from raw material extraction to the end consumer, considering factors such as sustainability, efficiency, and cost.

Industrial ecology involves designing and operating industrial systems to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency by mimicking the resource cycles found in natural ecosystems.