Sustainable development seeks to achieve a balance between economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity, ensuring that the needs of the present generation are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Sustainable development is commonly recognized as resting on three pillars: economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. Technological advancement, while important, is not considered a separate pillar of sustainable development.

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum population size that an environment can support without degrading its resources or exceeding its ability to provide for the needs of its inhabitants.

Renewable resources are those that can be replenished naturally on a human timescale. Solar energy is a renewable resource as it is derived from the sun, which is a continuous source of energy.

An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a process used to identify, predict, and evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or activity, and to suggest measures to mitigate these impacts.

The polluter pays principle, the precautionary principle, and the principle of intergenerational equity are all key principles of sustainable development. The polluter pays principle holds that the polluter should bear the costs of pollution, the precautionary principle advocates for taking precautionary measures to prevent environmental harm even in the absence of scientific certainty, and the principle of intergenerational equity emphasizes the responsibility to ensure that the needs of future generations are not compromised by current actions.

Green growth refers to economic growth that is achieved through environmentally sustainable practices, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conserving natural resources, and promoting renewable energy.

Sustainable agricultural practices aim to minimize environmental impacts and maintain soil health. Using crop rotation and cover crops helps to improve soil fertility, reduce erosion, and control pests and diseases.

Education plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable development by raising awareness about environmental issues, equipping individuals with the skills and knowledge to make sustainable choices, and fostering a sense of responsibility towards the environment.

Sustainable energy sources are those that are renewable and do not contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy is a sustainable energy source as it is derived from the sun, which is a continuous source of energy.

The triple bottom line is a concept that emphasizes the importance of considering economic, environmental, and social factors in decision-making, rather than focusing solely on economic profit.

Sustainable transportation systems aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote healthier lifestyles. A transportation system that promotes walking, cycling, and public transportation is more sustainable as it encourages active transportation and reduces the reliance on personal vehicles.

Technology plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable development by enabling the development of more efficient and sustainable energy sources, improving resource efficiency and reducing waste, and monitoring and managing environmental impacts.

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. These goals cover a wide range of issues, including eradicating poverty, promoting gender equality, and combating climate change.

The circular economy is an economic model that aims to eliminate waste and pollution by designing products and processes that can be reused, repaired, and recycled. This model promotes resource efficiency and reduces the environmental impacts of economic activity.