Rising sea levels, primarily driven by thermal expansion of ocean water and melting glaciers, are the main cause of coastal erosion due to climate change.

Increased storm intensity, including stronger waves and storm surges, higher wind speeds, and increased precipitation and flooding, all contribute to coastal erosion.

Coastal erosion can lead to the loss of land and property, damage to infrastructure, and displacement of people, posing significant challenges to coastal communities.

Coral reefs, mangrove forests, and salt marshes are all coastal ecosystems that are particularly vulnerable to erosion caused by climate change due to their sensitivity to changes in sea level and wave action.

A combination of strategies, including building seawalls and other hard structures, restoring and protecting natural ecosystems, and relocating coastal communities, may be necessary to mitigate the impacts of coastal erosion.

Coastal communities can adapt to the impacts of sea-level rise by elevating buildings and infrastructure, constructing seawalls and other barriers, and restoring and protecting natural ecosystems.

Adapting to coastal erosion can be challenging due to high costs of adaptation measures, limited availability of suitable land for relocation, and resistance from local communities.

Governments can play a crucial role in addressing coastal erosion by developing and implementing coastal management policies, providing financial assistance to coastal communities, and investing in research and monitoring.

Coastal erosion can have significant consequences for marine ecosystems, including loss of biodiversity, disruption of food chains, and increased vulnerability to pollution.

Coastal communities can reduce their contribution to coastal erosion by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, implementing sustainable land use practices, and protecting and restoring natural ecosystems.

Mangroves play a crucial role in mitigating coastal erosion by stabilizing the shoreline with their roots, reducing wave energy and erosion, and providing a habitat for marine life.

Coral reefs contribute to coastal protection by breaking waves and reducing erosion, providing a habitat for marine life, and helping maintain water quality.

Salt marshes play a significant role in coastal erosion management by trapping sediment and stabilizing the shoreline, providing a habitat for wildlife, and helping filter pollutants from water.

Beach nourishment involves replenishing sand on eroded beaches, protecting coastal infrastructure, and improving water quality.

Groynes and jetties are structures built to trap sediment and help build up beaches, protect coastal infrastructure, and maintain navigation channels.