Cuneiform, developed in ancient Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE, is the oldest known writing system.

Logographic writing systems, like Chinese characters, use symbols to represent entire words or concepts.

Syllabic writing systems, such as Japanese Kana, use symbols to represent syllables.

Alphabetic writing systems, like the Latin alphabet, use letters to represent individual sounds.

Abugida writing systems, like Devanagari (used for Hindi), combine features of alphabetic and syllabic systems.

Directionality refers to the direction in which a writing system is written, such as left-to-right or right-to-left.

Arabic, Hebrew, and some other languages are written from right to left.

Orthography refers to the system of rules governing the spelling and pronunciation of words in a language.

Japanese uses a combination of logographic characters (kanji) and phonetic characters (kana).

Graphemics is the study of writing systems, including their structure, history, and usage.

The Latin alphabet is used for the majority of languages in the world, including English, Spanish, French, and many others.

Pictographic writing systems use pictures or symbols to represent objects or ideas.

Devanagari is used for the majority of languages in India, including Hindi, Marathi, and Nepali.

Abugida writing systems use a combination of letters and symbols to represent sounds.

The Latin alphabet is used for the majority of languages in Africa, including English, French, and Swahili.