Industrialization

Technological advancements

Economic opportunities

All of the above

It increases educational attainment.

It decreases educational attainment.

It has no effect on educational attainment.

The effect varies depending on the context.

Increased access to educational resources

Improved quality of education

Greater diversity in educational opportunities

All of the above

Increased inequality in educational opportunities

Higher dropout rates

Lower educational attainment among marginalized groups

All of the above

It increases the demand for education.

It decreases the demand for education.

It has no effect on the demand for education.

The effect varies depending on the context.

Overcrowding

Lack of resources

High teacher turnover

All of the above

Investing in early childhood education

Providing more resources to urban schools

Improving teacher quality

All of the above

Marginalized groups often have lower educational attainment than non-marginalized groups.

Marginalized groups often face discrimination and racism in educational settings.

Marginalized groups often have less access to educational resources than non-marginalized groups.

All of the above

Urbanization can provide access to better education and job opportunities.

Urbanization can facilitate the exchange of ideas and cultural practices.

Urbanization can foster a sense of community and belonging.

All of the above

In urban areas, education is more strongly associated with income than in rural areas.

In urban areas, education is less strongly associated with income than in rural areas.

The relationship between education and income is the same in urban and rural areas.

The relationship between education and income varies depending on the specific context.

Urbanization can lead to increased segregation, which can result in unequal access to educational resources.

Urbanization can exacerbate existing inequalities in educational opportunities.

Urbanization can make it more difficult for marginalized groups to access education.

All of the above

In urban areas, education is more important for social mobility than in rural areas.

In urban areas, education is less important for social mobility than in rural areas.

The role of education in social stratification is the same in urban and rural areas.

The role of education in social stratification varies depending on the specific context.

Urbanization can provide access to a wider range of educational opportunities.

Urbanization can facilitate the integration of marginalized groups into mainstream society.

Urbanization can foster a more inclusive and tolerant society.

All of the above

In urban areas, education is more strongly associated with civic engagement than in rural areas.

In urban areas, education is less strongly associated with civic engagement than in rural areas.

The relationship between education and civic engagement is the same in urban and rural areas.

The relationship between education and civic engagement varies depending on the specific context.