GIS serves as a comprehensive tool for Indian geographers, enabling them to create maps, analyze spatial data, and store geospatial information, all of which contribute to a deeper understanding of geographical phenomena.

While GIS is widely used in land use planning, natural resource management, and disaster management, historical cartography is not a typical application of GIS in Indian geography.

Spatial analysis in GIS serves multiple purposes: it helps identify patterns and relationships, understand the distribution and connectivity of features, and even predict future trends and behaviors based on geospatial data.

Shapefile, GeoJSON, and KML are all widely used data formats for representing geographical features in GIS.

Remote sensing plays a crucial role in GIS by providing geospatial data through satellite imagery and aerial photography, which is essential for various GIS applications.

Linear Regression is a statistical technique, not a spatial interpolation technique specifically used in GIS.

Buffering in GIS involves creating a zone of influence or a buffer zone around a geographical feature, which is useful for various analyses and decision-making processes.

ArcGIS, QGIS, and GRASS GIS are all popular GIS software used in India for analyzing and visualizing geospatial data.

Spatial overlay, geospatial integration, and data fusion are all terms used to describe the process of overlaying multiple layers of geospatial data in GIS.

While GIS offers many benefits, reducing costs and resources for geographical studies is not a direct advantage of using GIS.

Digitizing, vectorization, and rasterization are all terms used to describe the process of converting real-world features into digital representations in GIS.

Metadata is not a type of geospatial data itself, but rather information about the geospatial data, such as its source, accuracy, and limitations.

3D modeling is the process of creating a three-dimensional representation of a geographical area in GIS.

While GIS is widely used in land use planning, transportation planning, and public safety, historical preservation is not a typical application of GIS in urban planning.

Network analysis is the process of analyzing the connectivity and relationships between geographical features in GIS, such as roads, rivers, and railways.