IoT devices are primarily designed to gather data from their surroundings and transmit it to a central hub or cloud platform for further processing and analysis.

Thermocouples are widely employed in IoT devices for temperature measurement due to their accuracy, wide temperature range, and relatively low cost.

Actuators are used in IoT systems to convert electrical signals into physical actions, such as controlling motors, valves, or switches.

Bluetooth is a popular wireless technology for short-range communication in IoT applications due to its low power consumption, ease of use, and wide availability.

Microcontrollers are responsible for controlling the flow of data between different components of an IoT device, such as sensors, actuators, and communication modules.

AWS IoT is a comprehensive cloud platform designed specifically for IoT applications, offering a wide range of services and features for data collection, storage, analysis, and device management.

Gateways serve as intermediaries between IoT devices and the cloud or other networks, aggregating and forwarding data from multiple devices to a central location.

Centralized architectures are often preferred for large-scale IoT deployments, where data is collected and processed in a central location, providing scalability and ease of management.

Interoperability is crucial in IoT systems to allow devices from different manufacturers and technologies to communicate and exchange data seamlessly.

Encryption is a widely used security measure in IoT systems to protect data in transit and at rest, ensuring confidentiality and integrity.

AI plays a significant role in IoT applications by analyzing data, automating tasks, and improving decision-making, leading to increased efficiency and enhanced system performance.

Smart thermostats, smart lights, and smart speakers are common examples of IoT devices used in home automation, allowing users to control and monitor their home appliances and systems remotely.

Protocols in IoT communication establish the rules and procedures for data transmission, ensuring that devices can communicate effectively and reliably.

Smart agriculture applications utilize IoT devices to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture, helping farmers optimize crop production and resource management.

IoTization refers to the process of connecting physical objects to the Internet, enabling them to communicate and exchange data with other devices and systems.