Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, are the main cause of climate change.

Climate change causes sea levels to rise due to the thermal expansion of ocean water and the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.

Ocean acidification is the process by which the ocean becomes more acidic due to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Ocean acidification can damage the shells and skeletons of marine organisms, impair their ability to reproduce, and make them more susceptible to disease.

Climate change causes coral bleaching, which is a process by which corals lose their symbiotic algae and turn white. This can lead to the death of the coral.

Climate change can lead to increased flooding, erosion, and conversion of coastal wetlands to other uses, such as development.

Climate change can cause fish populations to decline, cause fish to migrate to new areas, and make fish more susceptible to disease.

Coastal communities can use a variety of adaptation strategies to address the impacts of climate change, including building seawalls and levees, restoring coastal wetlands, and relocating communities away from vulnerable areas.

A combination of mitigation and adaptation strategies is needed to reduce the impacts of climate change on coastal and marine ecosystems.

International cooperation is essential for addressing the impacts of climate change on coastal and marine ecosystems, as it allows for the sharing of information and resources, the coordination of adaptation and mitigation strategies, and the promotion of sustainable development.