While climate change is a global issue affecting food systems, it is not directly related to gender disparities in food access and consumption.

The gendered division of labor in household food preparation can lead to women having less time for other activities, such as education, employment, or leisure.

Gender discrimination in land ownership and control has multiple negative impacts on women's access to food, including limiting their ability to produce their own food, increasing their vulnerability to food insecurity, and reducing their decision-making power over household food choices.

The term 'feminization of hunger' is used to describe the disproportionate burden of food insecurity and malnutrition experienced by women and girls.

Agricultural policies and programs can promote gender equality in food systems by providing women with equal access to land and other productive resources, supporting women's participation in agricultural decision-making, and investing in agricultural research and development that addresses women's needs.

Education plays a crucial role in addressing gender disparities in food and nutrition by empowering women with knowledge about nutrition and healthy eating, increasing their access to employment opportunities in the food sector, and challenging gender stereotypes and norms related to food and nutrition.

Social protection programs can contribute to reducing gender disparities in food security by providing cash transfers or food assistance to vulnerable households, supporting women's access to healthcare and education services, and promoting women's economic empowerment.

Women farmers face multiple challenges in accessing agricultural inputs and services, including limited access to credit and financial services, lack of technical assistance and training opportunities, and discrimination in the distribution of agricultural inputs.

Gender-responsive agricultural extension services can empower women farmers by providing them with tailored information and training, addressing the specific needs and constraints faced by women farmers, and promoting women's participation in agricultural decision-making.

Women's participation in agricultural research and development is crucial because it ensures that women's needs and priorities are considered in agricultural research, leads to the development of agricultural technologies that are more appropriate for women farmers, and promotes gender equality in the agricultural sector.

Consumer choices can contribute to promoting gender equality in food systems by choosing to buy food from women farmers and producers, supporting businesses that prioritize gender equality in their supply chains, and advocating for policies that promote gender equality in food systems.

Men and boys play a crucial role in promoting gender equality in food systems by challenging gender stereotypes and norms related to food and nutrition, supporting women's participation in agricultural decision-making, and sharing household responsibilities related to food preparation and caregiving.

Gender-responsive food policies and programs can address the specific needs of women and girls by providing targeted support to women farmers and entrepreneurs, promoting women's access to land and other productive resources, and investing in nutrition programs that focus on women and girls.

Key indicators used to measure gender equality in food systems include women's participation in agricultural decision-making, gender gap in agricultural productivity, and gender disparities in food security and nutrition.

Data and evidence can contribute to promoting gender equality in food systems by informing the design of gender-responsive policies and programs, tracking progress towards gender equality goals, and raising awareness about gender disparities in food systems.