The philosophical inquiry into the self primarily focuses on the nature of consciousness, seeking to understand the subjective experience of being aware and conscious.

Dualism is the philosophical concept that posits the existence of two fundamentally distinct substances: the physical body and the immaterial soul or mind.

Materialism asserts that the physical brain is the primary constituent of the self, and that consciousness and mental phenomena are products of brain activity.

Existentialism emphasizes the role of personal experiences and social interactions in shaping the self, asserting that individuals create their own meaning and identity through their choices and actions.

In the context of moral responsibility, free will refers to the ability to make choices without being coerced or determined by external factors.

Libertarianism is the philosophical position that individuals have genuine free will and are therefore morally responsible for their actions, regardless of external circumstances.

Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative is a universal moral law that applies to all rational beings, requiring them to act only on principles that they could consistently will to become universal laws.

Moral luck refers to the idea that individuals may not be morally responsible for actions that are caused by external circumstances beyond their control.

Existentialism emphasizes the importance of personal responsibility and individual autonomy, asserting that individuals are responsible for creating their own meaning and identity through their choices and actions.

The philosophical inquiry into responsibility primarily focuses on the nature of moral obligations, seeking to understand the basis and scope of our moral duties and commitments.

The deontological perspective emphasizes the inherent rightness or wrongness of an action, regardless of its consequences or the intentions of the agent.

Utilitarianism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of maximizing overall happiness or well-being, asserting that the right action is the one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

Moral responsibility refers to the idea that individuals are accountable for their actions and can be held liable for the consequences of their choices.

Stoicism is a philosophical concept that emphasizes the importance of living in accordance with nature and reason, seeking to attain inner peace and tranquility by accepting the limitations of human existence.

The philosophical inquiry into the self and responsibility primarily focuses on the relationship between freedom and moral agency, seeking to understand the extent to which our choices and actions are influenced by external factors and how this affects our moral responsibility.