Cubism, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, emerged in the early 1900s and revolutionized the way artists depicted reality by breaking objects into geometric forms and presenting multiple perspectives simultaneously.

Expressionism, prominent in the early 20th century, aimed to convey emotional intensity and personal perspectives through distorted forms, vibrant colors, and exaggerated brushstrokes.

The Renaissance, originating in Italy, marked a revival of classical learning, art, and architecture, characterized by a focus on humanism, realism, and the exploration of perspective.

Baroque, originating in Italy, was characterized by its grandeur, opulence, and the use of elaborate ornamentation, creating a sense of awe and drama in art and architecture.

Impressionism, pioneered by artists like Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, sought to capture the momentary and transient effects of light and color, often painting outdoors to capture the changing conditions of nature.

Fauvism, led by Henri Matisse and André Derain, was characterized by its bold use of non-naturalistic colors and simplified forms, emphasizing emotional expression over realistic representation.

Surrealism, pioneered by artists like Salvador Dalí and René Magritte, aimed to explore the subconscious mind, dreams, and the irrational, often juxtaposing disparate images and symbols to create evocative and thought-provoking works.

Dadaism, originating during World War I, was a protest movement against the established norms and values of society, characterized by its anti-art stance, use of satire, and rejection of traditional artistic conventions.

Futurism, led by artists like Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and Umberto Boccioni, celebrated the energy and dynamism of modern technology and industrialization, often depicting motion and speed in their works.

Constructivism, pioneered by artists like Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko, emphasized the use of geometric forms, industrial materials, and functional design, aiming to create art that was both aesthetically pleasing and practically useful.

Suprematism, founded by Kazimir Malevich, sought to create a new visual language based on pure geometric forms and colors, aiming to transcend the limitations of representational art.

De Stijl, led by artists like Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg, aimed to create a new visual language based on geometric abstraction and primary colors, emphasizing simplicity, functionality, and the integration of art and design.

Bauhaus, founded by Walter Gropius, was a German art school that emphasized the integration of art, architecture, and design, aiming to create functional and aesthetically pleasing objects.

Art Deco, popular in the 1920s and 1930s, was characterized by its lavish ornamentation, geometric patterns, and stylized motifs, often inspired by ancient Egyptian, Mayan, and Art Nouveau styles.

Abstract Expressionism, pioneered by artists like Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko, emphasized the artist's emotional and subconscious expression through spontaneous and gestural brushstrokes, often resulting in abstract and non-representational works.