The Social Control Theory emphasizes the role of social bonds in deterring deviant behavior. These bonds include attachment to family, friends, and community, as well as involvement in conventional activities.

Hirschi's Social Control Theory includes four types of social bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Belief refers to the individual's internalization of societal norms and values, which is not explicitly mentioned in Hirschi's theory.

The Social Control Theory posits that weak or broken social bonds increase the likelihood of deviant behavior, as individuals feel less connected to society and its norms.

The Social Control Theory focuses on the role of social bonds in deterring deviant behavior. While family conflict, peer pressure, and economic inequality can weaken these bonds, religious involvement is generally seen as a positive factor that can strengthen social bonds.

The Social Control Theory is rooted in the functionalist perspective, which views society as a complex system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain stability and order. The theory emphasizes the role of social institutions and norms in controlling deviant behavior.

Critics of the Social Control Theory argue that it oversimplifies the relationship between social bonds and deviant behavior. They contend that individual agency, social inequality, and other factors also play significant roles in shaping deviant behavior.

Travis Hirschi is widely recognized as the primary architect of the Social Control Theory. His book, 'Causes of Delinquency,' published in 1969, laid the foundation for this theory.

The Social Control Theory has been applied to explain various forms of deviant behavior, including delinquency, crime, substance abuse, and other antisocial behaviors.

The Social Control Theory emphasizes the role of punishment in deterring future deviant behavior by increasing the costs associated with such behavior.

Restitution, which involves making amends for the harm caused by deviant behavior, is not explicitly discussed in the Social Control Theory as a type of punishment.

Critics of the Social Control Theory argue that it overlooks the influence of social inequality, overemphasizes the significance of social bonds, and neglects the role of individual agency in shaping deviant behavior.

The Social Control Theory does not assume that deviant behavior is inherently harmful to society. Instead, it recognizes that some forms of deviant behavior may be beneficial or neutral in their impact.

The Social Control Theory has had a significant impact on criminology, the sociology of deviance, and the development of social policies aimed at preventing and controlling deviant behavior.

Critics argue that the Social Control Theory overemphasizes the role of social bonds in deterring deviant behavior, neglecting other factors such as individual agency, social inequality, and situational factors.

The Social Control Theory has been applied to understand deviant behavior in various settings, including schools, families, prisons, and other social institutions.