Population aging is primarily driven by decreasing mortality rates, leading to a longer life expectancy and a larger proportion of older people in the population.

Population aging typically leads to a decrease in labor force participation as older workers retire and leave the workforce, while the number of younger workers entering the labor force may not be sufficient to offset this decline.

Population aging can lead to an increase in savings and investment as older individuals tend to save more for retirement and may also invest in assets such as real estate or stocks.

The impact of population aging on economic growth is complex and depends on various factors such as the availability of skilled labor, technological advancements, and government policies. In some cases, population aging can contribute to economic growth, while in others, it may lead to slower growth or even stagnation.

Policy responses to address the challenges of population aging may include raising the retirement age to extend the working lives of older individuals, encouraging immigration to increase the labor force, and investing in education and skills development to enhance the productivity of the workforce.