Aryabhata is considered to be the father of Indian astronomy due to his significant contributions to the field, including the development of the heliocentric model of the solar system and the calculation of the Earth's circumference.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar proposed the theory of the expanding universe in 1931, based on his studies of the red shift of galaxies.

Astrosat is an Indian satellite that was launched in 2017 to study dark energy, among other things. It is equipped with a variety of instruments that allow it to observe X-rays, ultraviolet light, and visible light.

Jayant Narlikar is known for his work on the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is the leftover radiation from the Big Bang. He has proposed a number of theories to explain the origin and evolution of the universe.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope is a telescope that is being built in India to study dark energy. It will be the world's largest radio telescope and will be used to observe the universe at low frequencies.

Annapurni Subramaniam is known for her work on the dark matter halo of the Milky Way. She has used observations from the Chandra X-ray Observatory to study the distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way and has found that it is not evenly distributed.

The Indian Institute of Astrophysics is an institute that is dedicated to the study of astronomy and astrophysics. It is located in Bangalore, India, and is one of the leading research institutes in the field.

Somak Raychaudhury is known for his work on the evolution of galaxies. He has used observations from the Hubble Space Telescope to study the formation and evolution of galaxies and has found that they have a complex and varied history.

NISAR is an Indian satellite that was launched in 2019 to study the universe's expansion. It is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO and will use radar technology to measure the distance to galaxies and study the expansion of the universe.

T. Padmanabhan is known for his work on the large-scale structure of the universe. He has developed a number of theories to explain the origin and evolution of the universe and has proposed a number of new ideas about the nature of dark energy.

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array is a telescope that is being built in Chile to study the cosmic microwave background radiation. It will be the largest millimeter-wave telescope in the world and will be used to study the universe's earliest moments.

Pramesh Rao is known for his work on the dark energy equation of state. He has developed a number of new methods for measuring the dark energy equation of state and has found that it is consistent with a cosmological constant.

The Raman Research Institute is an institute that is dedicated to the study of cosmology. It is located in Bangalore, India, and is one of the leading research institutes in the field.

Sanjeev Dhurandhar is known for his work on the dark energy density. He has developed a number of new methods for measuring the dark energy density and has found that it is consistent with a cosmological constant.

NISAR is an Indian satellite that was launched in 2021 to study the dark energy. It is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO and will use radar technology to measure the distance to galaxies and study the expansion of the universe.