Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist, discovered penicillin in 1928 while studying the growth of bacteria.

Smallpox was the first disease to be eradicated through vaccination. The smallpox vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner in the late 18th century.

The first successful heart transplant surgery was performed by Christiaan Barnard in 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa.

Hippocrates, a Greek physician who lived in the 5th century BC, is known as the 'Father of Modern Medicine' for his contributions to the field, including his emphasis on observation and rational thinking.

X-ray, discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895, was the first medical imaging technique that allowed doctors to see inside the body without surgery.

Jonas Salk developed the first polio vaccine in the 1950s, which was a major breakthrough in the fight against the disease.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure that involves creating a new pathway for blood to flow around a blocked coronary artery.

James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA in 1953, which was a major breakthrough in understanding genetics.

Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) is a medical device that helps patients with heart failure by assisting the heart in pumping blood.

Scurvy is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, which is essential for the production of collagen, a protein that helps maintain the strength and integrity of connective tissues.

Willem Kolff developed the first artificial kidney, also known as the hemodialyzer, in the 1940s, which revolutionized the treatment of kidney failure.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to visualize and assess the function of organs and tissues.

Lumpectomy is a surgical procedure that removes a cancerous tumor while preserving surrounding healthy tissue, often used in the treatment of breast cancer.

Ultrasound is a medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal body structures.

William Harvey is credited with the discovery of the circulation of blood in the human body in the 17th century.