Environmental ethics is a branch of philosophy that examines the moral relationship between humans and the environment. It explores questions such as our obligations to protect the environment, the value of non-human life, and the ethical implications of our actions on the natural world.

Indigenous knowledge encompasses a wealth of traditional practices, beliefs, and values that have been passed down through generations. It offers valuable insights into sustainable resource management, helps identify and protect culturally significant ecosystems, and fosters collaboration between indigenous communities and policymakers, contributing to more informed and inclusive environmental decision-making.

Biocentrism is an ethical principle that recognizes the inherent value of all living beings, irrespective of their usefulness or benefit to humans. It asserts that all life forms have intrinsic worth and deserve moral consideration.

Environmental justice aims to ensure that all people, regardless of their race, ethnicity, income, or location, have equal access to environmental benefits and are not disproportionately burdened by environmental harms.

Animism is a belief system that attributes a soul or spirit to all living things, including plants, animals, and natural features. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of all life forms and the importance of maintaining balance and harmony with nature.

The precautionary principle is a policy approach that advocates for taking preventive measures to avoid potential environmental harm, even when there is no conclusive scientific evidence of the harm's likelihood. It emphasizes the importance of erring on the side of caution when making decisions that could have significant environmental consequences.

Intergenerational equity is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of considering the long-term consequences of our actions on the environment and ensuring that future generations have access to a healthy and sustainable planet.

Sustainable development is a holistic approach to development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It seeks to balance economic growth, social progress, and environmental protection.

Sacred groves are areas of land or water that are set aside for conservation and cultural preservation by indigenous communities. These areas are often considered sacred and are protected from human activities that could harm the environment or disturb the spirits that are believed to reside there.

The polluter pays principle is a policy approach that holds polluters financially responsible for the environmental damage they cause. It aims to incentivize businesses and individuals to reduce pollution and adopt more sustainable practices by making them bear the costs of their actions.

Cultural integrity is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of respecting and preserving the cultural and spiritual values associated with the environment. It recognizes that indigenous communities and other cultural groups have unique perspectives on the environment and that these perspectives should be taken into account in environmental decision-making.

Ecological integrity is a concept that emphasizes the importance of maintaining the structure, function, and resilience of ecosystems. It recognizes that ecosystems are complex and interconnected systems that provide essential services for human well-being, and that human activities should aim to preserve and enhance ecological integrity.

Oral tradition is a practice in which traditional knowledge and skills are passed down from one generation to the next through oral storytelling, ceremonies, and other cultural practices. This practice plays a vital role in preserving and transmitting indigenous knowledge and cultural heritage.

Carrying capacity is a concept that refers to the maximum population size that an environment can sustain without degradation. It is used in environmental decision-making to determine the appropriate level of human activity in a particular area, taking into account the available resources and the ability of the environment to absorb the impacts of human activities.

Intergenerational equity is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of considering the rights of future generations when making environmental decisions. It recognizes that the actions of the present generation should not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs and enjoy a healthy and sustainable planet.