Dispersal theory emphasizes the role of dispersal and colonization in shaping species distributions, suggesting that species are more likely to be found in areas that are accessible and have suitable habitats.

The theory of island biogeography predicts a positive correlation between island size and species richness, meaning that larger islands tend to support a greater number of species due to increased habitat availability and reduced extinction risk.

Habitat suitability models aim to predict the distribution of species based on their environmental preferences and the availability of suitable habitats along an environmental gradient.

The neutral theory of biodiversity proposes that species distributions are largely determined by stochastic processes, such as random dispersal and colonization, rather than by deterministic factors like environmental conditions or species interactions.

Vicariance theory emphasizes the role of geological and historical events, such as continental drift and the formation of land bridges, in shaping species distributions.

The equilibrium theory of island biogeography assumes that the number of species on an island reaches a steady state, where immigration and extinction rates are balanced.

Niche theory proposes that species distributions are shaped by their ecological niches, which encompass their resource requirements, environmental tolerances, and interactions with other species.

Speciation refers to the process by which new species arise from existing ones through evolutionary divergence and reproductive isolation.

Habitat suitability theory emphasizes the importance of environmental factors and dispersal limitation in shaping species distributions.

Dispersal refers to the movement of individuals or populations from one area to another, which can occur through various mechanisms such as migration, flight, or seed dispersal.

Community assembly theory focuses on the interactions between species and how these interactions shape the composition and structure of ecological communities.

Vicariance refers to the process by which populations of a species become geographically isolated from each other, often due to geological events or changes in the environment.

Resource competition theory emphasizes the role of competition for resources, such as food, water, and space, in shaping species distributions and community structure.

Adaptation refers to the process by which organisms evolve traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in a particular environment.

Habitat suitability theory emphasizes the importance of environmental factors and dispersal limitation in shaping species distributions.