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The Philosophy of Ramanuja and His Concept of Vishishtadvaita

Description: The Philosophy of Ramanuja and His Concept of Vishishtadvaita
Number of Questions: 15
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What is the central tenet of Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. The world is an illusion.

  2. The world is real and distinct from Brahman.

  3. The world is real and identical to Brahman.

  4. The world is real and a manifestation of Brahman.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja's philosophy is known as Vishishtadvaita, which means 'qualified non-dualism'. He believed that the world is real and a manifestation of Brahman, the ultimate reality. Brahman is the substratum of the world, and the world is dependent on Brahman for its existence.

What is the relationship between Brahman and the individual soul in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. The individual soul is identical to Brahman.

  2. The individual soul is a part of Brahman.

  3. The individual soul is distinct from Brahman.

  4. The individual soul is a manifestation of Brahman.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that the individual soul is a manifestation of Brahman, and that the individual soul is dependent on Brahman for its existence. The individual soul is not identical to Brahman, but it is a part of Brahman.

What is the goal of human life according to Ramanuja?

  1. To attain moksha, or liberation from the cycle of rebirth.

  2. To achieve union with Brahman.

  3. To live a life of virtue and righteousness.

  4. To attain self-realization.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that the goal of human life is to attain moksha, or liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Moksha is achieved through bhakti, or devotion to Brahman. Bhakti is the highest form of worship, and it leads to the realization of one's true nature as a manifestation of Brahman.

What are the three main forms of bhakti according to Ramanuja?

  1. Jnana, bhakti, and karma.

  2. Bhakti, karma, and yoga.

  3. Jnana, karma, and yoga.

  4. Bhakti, jnana, and yoga.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja identified three main forms of bhakti: bhakti, jnana, and yoga. Bhakti is devotion to Brahman, jnana is knowledge of Brahman, and yoga is union with Brahman. These three forms of bhakti are complementary, and they lead to the realization of one's true nature as a manifestation of Brahman.

What is the significance of the concept of surrender in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Surrender is the key to attaining moksha.

  2. Surrender is a necessary condition for bhakti.

  3. Surrender is the highest form of worship.

  4. Surrender is a way of expressing one's love for Brahman.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that surrender is the key to attaining moksha. Surrender is the complete surrender of one's ego and will to Brahman. It is a state of complete trust and reliance on Brahman. Surrender leads to the realization of one's true nature as a manifestation of Brahman.

What is the role of grace in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Grace is necessary for attaining moksha.

  2. Grace is a gift from Brahman.

  3. Grace is a result of one's own efforts.

  4. Grace is a sign of Brahman's love.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that grace is necessary for attaining moksha. Grace is a gift from Brahman that enables the individual soul to overcome its limitations and realize its true nature as a manifestation of Brahman. Grace is not a result of one's own efforts, but it is a sign of Brahman's love.

What is the significance of the concept of avatara in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Avatara is a manifestation of Brahman in human form.

  2. Avatara is a way for Brahman to interact with the world.

  3. Avatara is a way for Brahman to teach humanity about dharma.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that avatara is a manifestation of Brahman in human form. Avatara is a way for Brahman to interact with the world, to teach humanity about dharma, and to provide a model for human conduct. Avatara is also a way for Brahman to show its love for humanity.

What is the significance of the concept of lila in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Lila is the play of Brahman.

  2. Lila is the manifestation of Brahman's creativity.

  3. Lila is the way Brahman interacts with the world.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that lila is the play of Brahman. Lila is the manifestation of Brahman's creativity, and it is the way Brahman interacts with the world. Lila is also a way for Brahman to show its love for humanity.

What is the significance of the concept of bhakti in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Bhakti is the highest form of worship.

  2. Bhakti is a way of expressing one's love for Brahman.

  3. Bhakti is a way of attaining moksha.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that bhakti is the highest form of worship. Bhakti is a way of expressing one's love for Brahman, and it is a way of attaining moksha. Bhakti is also a way of surrendering oneself to Brahman and of realizing one's true nature as a manifestation of Brahman.

What is the significance of the concept of prapatti in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Prapatti is the act of surrendering oneself to Brahman.

  2. Prapatti is a way of expressing one's love for Brahman.

  3. Prapatti is a way of attaining moksha.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that prapatti is the act of surrendering oneself to Brahman. Prapatti is a way of expressing one's love for Brahman, and it is a way of attaining moksha. Prapatti is also a way of realizing one's true nature as a manifestation of Brahman.

What is the significance of the concept of moksha in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Moksha is the goal of human life.

  2. Moksha is the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth.

  3. Moksha is the state of union with Brahman.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that moksha is the goal of human life. Moksha is the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth, and it is the state of union with Brahman. Moksha is also the state of realizing one's true nature as a manifestation of Brahman.

What is the significance of the concept of Brahman in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Brahman is the ultimate reality.

  2. Brahman is the substratum of the world.

  3. Brahman is the source of all existence.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that Brahman is the ultimate reality. Brahman is the substratum of the world, and it is the source of all existence. Brahman is also the object of bhakti, and it is the goal of human life.

What is the significance of the concept of atman in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Atman is the individual soul.

  2. Atman is a manifestation of Brahman.

  3. Atman is the source of consciousness.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja believed that atman is the individual soul. Atman is a manifestation of Brahman, and it is the source of consciousness. Atman is also the object of bhakti, and it is the goal of human life.

What is the significance of the concept of prakriti in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Prakriti is the material cause of the world.

  2. Prakriti is the source of all diversity.

  3. Prakriti is the object of bhakti.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja did not believe in the concept of prakriti as the material cause of the world. He believed that the world is a manifestation of Brahman, and that there is no separate material cause.

What is the significance of the concept of purusha in Ramanuja's philosophy?

  1. Purusha is the conscious principle of the world.

  2. Purusha is the source of all activity.

  3. Purusha is the object of bhakti.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Ramanuja did not believe in the concept of purusha as the conscious principle of the world. He believed that Brahman is the ultimate reality, and that there is no separate conscious principle.

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