The Arthashastra, written by Kautilya in the 4th century BCE, is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy.

Artha, meaning 'material prosperity' or 'economic well-being', is the central concept of Kautilya's economic thought.

Kautilya identified agriculture, industry, trade, and finance as the four main pillars of a prosperous economy.

The Indian philosophy of economics assigns the state a multifaceted role, including regulating and controlling the economy, providing social welfare and security, and promoting economic growth and development.

Swami Vivekananda, a prominent Indian philosopher and spiritual leader, emphasized the importance of individual liberty and economic freedom.

The concept of 'trusteeship' in the Indian philosophy of economics holds that the wealthy have a moral obligation to use their wealth for the benefit of society.

Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the Indian independence movement, advocated for a decentralized and self-sufficient economy.

The concept of 'swadeshi' in the Indian philosophy of economics refers to promoting domestic production and consumption.

Mahatma Gandhi emphasized the importance of ethical values in economic decision-making.

The concept of 'ahimsa' in the Indian philosophy of economics encompasses non-violence and compassion towards all living beings, respect for the environment and natural resources, and fairness and justice in economic transactions.

Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, advocated for a mixed economy with both public and private sectors.

The concept of 'socialism with a human face' in the Indian philosophy of economics encompasses a combination of socialist and capitalist economic policies, a focus on social welfare and equality, and a commitment to democracy and human rights.

Indira Gandhi, the third Prime Minister of India, emphasized the importance of sustainable development and environmental protection.

The concept of 'green economics' in the Indian philosophy of economics encompasses an economic system that prioritizes environmental sustainability, a focus on renewable energy and clean technologies, and a commitment to reducing carbon emissions and pollution.

Amartya Sen, a Nobel Prize-winning economist, advocated for a more inclusive and equitable economic system.