Urbanization is the process of population movement from rural to urban areas.

Urbanization is often associated with increased environmental pollution due to increased industrial activity and traffic.

Social change is the process of social and cultural change that occurs as a result of urbanization.

Urbanization is often associated with decreased social mobility due to increased competition for jobs and resources.

Industrialization is the process of social and cultural change that occurs as a result of industrialization.

Industrialization is often associated with decreased social mobility due to increased competition for jobs and resources.

Modernization is the process of social and cultural change that occurs as a result of modernization.

Modernization is often associated with decreased social mobility due to increased competition for jobs and resources.

Globalization is the process of social and cultural change that occurs as a result of globalization.

Globalization is often associated with decreased social mobility due to increased competition for jobs and resources.

Technological change is the process of social and cultural change that occurs as a result of technological change.

Technological change is often associated with decreased social mobility due to increased competition for jobs and resources.

Climate change is the process of social and cultural change that occurs as a result of climate change.

Climate change is often associated with decreased social mobility due to increased competition for resources.

Demographic change is the process of social and cultural change that occurs as a result of demographic change.

Demographic change is often associated with decreased social mobility due to increased competition for resources.