The materialist theory posits that consciousness arises from the physical processes and interactions within the brain, rejecting the idea of a separate, non-physical mind.

Dualism asserts that the mind and the brain are distinct, independent entities, with the mind having non-physical properties.

The hard problem of consciousness centers on the challenge of explaining how physical processes give rise to subjective conscious experiences.

David Chalmers is widely recognized for his work on consciousness, particularly his articulation of the hard problem of consciousness and the concept of qualia.

IIT suggests that consciousness is a fundamental property that emerges from the intricate and highly integrated information processing within the brain.

Panpsychism proposes that consciousness is a universal property inherent in all matter, from elementary particles to complex organisms.

The Global Workspace Theory proposes that consciousness arises from the integration and broadcasting of information across different brain regions into a central workspace.

Backward masking refers to the phenomenon where a briefly presented stimulus is masked by a subsequent stimulus, resulting in the conscious perception of the second stimulus but not the first.

Predictive Coding Theory suggests that consciousness arises from the brain's ability to generate predictions about sensory inputs and compare them with actual sensory experiences.

Higher-Order Thought Theory posits that consciousness involves the ability to reflect on and introspect one's own mental states and processes.

Enactive Theory proposes that consciousness arises from the brain's capacity to actively engage with and interact with the environment, creating internal models of the world.

Multisensory Integration Theory posits that consciousness arises from the brain's ability to combine and integrate information from different sensory modalities into a coherent and unified percept.

Symbolic Representation Theory proposes that consciousness arises from the brain's capacity to create and manipulate symbols and representations that stand for objects, concepts, and ideas.

Self-Consciousness Theory posits that consciousness arises from the brain's ability to create and maintain a sense of self, including self-awareness, self-reflection, and self-control.

Agency Theory proposes that consciousness arises from the brain's capacity to create and maintain a sense of agency, including the ability to initiate and control actions and the feeling of being in control of one's own actions.