Jus soli is the principle of acquiring citizenship based on being born within a country's territory.

Naturalization is the process by which a foreign national becomes a citizen of a new country.

Naturalization typically requires meeting certain criteria, such as residency requirements, language proficiency, and knowledge of the country's history and culture.

Expatriation is the voluntary renunciation or giving up of citizenship.

Denaturalization can occur due to various reasons, including fraud or misrepresentation in obtaining citizenship, becoming a citizen of another country, or engaging in activities that are harmful to the country.

Loss of territory refers to the involuntary loss of citizenship due to changes in territorial boundaries.

Marriage to a citizen of a country can often lead to the acquisition of citizenship through a process known as marital naturalization.

Jus sanguinis is the principle of acquiring citizenship based on descent from a citizen parent.

Acquiring citizenship through marriage often requires meeting certain criteria, such as a residency requirement.

Reacquisition refers to the process of regaining citizenship that was previously lost.

Stateless individuals may acquire citizenship through naturalization processes.

Birthright citizenship refers to the principle that a child born to a citizen parent automatically acquires citizenship.

Naturalization can be refused on various grounds, including criminal record, security concerns, and lack of integration into the society.

Renunciation refers to the voluntary giving up of citizenship.

Refugees may acquire citizenship through naturalization processes.