Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am)

Esse est percipi (To be is to be perceived)

Nihil est sine ratione (Nothing exists without a reason)

Veritas est adaequatio intellectus et rei (Truth is the agreement of the intellect and the thing)

The gradual replacement of parts of an object over time, raising questions about its continuity of identity

The idea that the self is a collection of mental states that change over time, leading to questions about its unity

The concept that the self is a social construct, shaped by interactions with others and influenced by cultural norms

The notion that the self is an illusion, and that there is no such thing as a distinct and enduring individual identity

Stoicism

Existentialism

Hedonism

Utilitarianism

The fear of death and the awareness of one's own mortality

The feeling of isolation and alienation from others

The struggle to find purpose and fulfillment in life

The burden of social expectations and societal norms

Living in accordance with one's true self and values, regardless of societal expectations

Seeking pleasure and avoiding pain as the primary goal of life

Fulfilling one's social roles and responsibilities as the measure of a meaningful life

Achieving material success and accumulating wealth as the ultimate purpose of existence

Individualism

Collectivism

Nihilism

Absolutism

The innate human desire to dominate and control others as a means of achieving power and status

The стремление to overcome obstacles and challenges in order to achieve personal growth and fulfillment

The стремление to create and express oneself creatively, leaving a lasting impact on the world

The стремление to find inner peace and tranquility through spiritual practices and self-reflection

The inherent meaninglessness and irrationality of the universe, leading to a sense of despair and futility

The conflict between human reason and the limitations of the human condition, leading to a sense of alienation and estrangement

The recognition of the finitude of human existence and the inevitability of death, leading to a sense of urgency and authenticity

The realization that human beings are fundamentally free and responsible for creating their own meaning and values, leading to a sense of empowerment and self-determination

Rationalism

Empiricism

Idealism

Pragmatism

The conflict between human reason and the limitations of the human condition, leading to a sense of alienation and estrangement

The inherent meaninglessness and irrationality of the universe, leading to a sense of despair and futility

The recognition of the finitude of human existence and the inevitability of death, leading to a sense of urgency and authenticity

The realization that human beings are fundamentally free and responsible for creating their own meaning and values, leading to a sense of empowerment and self-determination

Rationalism

Empiricism

Idealism

Existentialism

The tendency to deceive oneself about one's true motives and desires, leading to a lack of authenticity and self-awareness

The стремление to escape from the responsibilities and challenges of life by adopting a passive and conformist attitude

The стремление to impose one's own values and beliefs on others, leading to conflict and alienation

The стремление to achieve material success and social status at the expense of one's own values and integrity

Marxism

Liberalism

Conservatism

Libertarianism

The idea that women are fundamentally different from men and should be treated as inferior

The idea that women are oppressed by patriarchal social structures and should strive for equality

The idea that women should embrace their traditional roles and responsibilities in society

The idea that women should seek to achieve the same level of success and power as men