Mathematical Linguistics is a field that explores the relationship between mathematics and language, investigating the mathematical structures and patterns underlying linguistic phenomena.

Formal Linguistics is a branch of Mathematical Linguistics that focuses on the mathematical properties of language, including syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Natural Language Processing aims to develop computational methods and techniques that enable computers to understand and generate human language, facilitating communication between humans and machines.

Statistical NLP utilizes statistical methods and models to analyze and process natural language data, capturing patterns and relationships within language.

Neural NLP leverages neural network architectures, such as recurrent neural networks and transformers, to learn representations of language and perform natural language processing tasks.

Semantics is the branch of Mathematical Linguistics that explores the relationship between the form and meaning of linguistic expressions, examining how language conveys meaning.

Machine Translation aims to translate text from one language to another while maintaining its original meaning and context.

Tokenization is the process of dividing text into individual units, called tokens, which can be words, punctuation marks, or other meaningful elements.

Stemming is a technique used to reduce words to their root form, also known as the stem, to improve word matching and facilitate tasks like information retrieval and text classification.

Syntax is the branch of Mathematical Linguistics that studies the rules and principles governing the formation of sentences in a language, including the arrangement and relationship of words and phrases.

Information Retrieval aims to retrieve relevant information from a collection of documents in response to a user's query, facilitating efficient access to information.

Named Entity Recognition is a technique used to identify and extract key concepts and entities from text, such as names of people, organizations, locations, and dates.

Pragmatics is the branch of Mathematical Linguistics that explores the relationship between language and context, examining how language is used in different situations and how it conveys meaning beyond its literal content.

Sentiment Analysis is a technique used to assign a sentiment score to text, indicating whether the overall sentiment expressed in the text is positive, negative, or neutral.

Discourse Analysis is the branch of Mathematical Linguistics that studies the structure and organization of discourse, examining how language is used to convey meaning in larger units of text, such as conversations, articles, and stories.