Geneva Convention I

Geneva Convention II

Geneva Convention III

Geneva Convention IV

Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions

Principle of proportionality

Principle of distinction

Principle of military necessity

Principle of humanity

Principle of environmental protection

Using weapons that cause widespread, long-term, and severe damage to the environment

Attacking forests and other plant cover for military purposes

Using scorched earth tactics

Polluting water sources

All of the above

The deliberate destruction or damage of the environment on a large scale

The accidental or unintended damage to the environment during armed conflict

The use of natural resources for military purposes

The displacement of people due to environmental degradation

None of the above

It requires parties to a conflict to restore the environment to its pre-conflict state

It allows parties to a conflict to offset environmental damage by investing in other environmental projects

It provides financial compensation to affected communities for environmental damage

It establishes international mechanisms for environmental monitoring and enforcement

None of the above

Monitoring and reporting on violations of IHL and environmental law

Providing technical assistance and capacity-building to parties to a conflict

Mediating and facilitating negotiations between parties to a conflict

Enforcing compliance with IHL and environmental law through legal mechanisms

All of the above

It requires parties to a conflict to conduct environmental impact assessments before carrying out military operations

It allows parties to a conflict to waive environmental impact assessments in certain circumstances

It provides guidelines for conducting environmental impact assessments in conflict situations

It establishes a process for reviewing and approving environmental impact assessments

None of the above

Lack of political will and commitment from parties to a conflict

Limited resources and capacity to enforce compliance

Difficulties in gathering evidence of violations

Lack of awareness and understanding of IHL and environmental law among military personnel

All of the above

By promoting sustainable resource management and reducing competition over natural resources

By addressing the root causes of conflicts, such as poverty and inequality

By promoting cooperation and dialogue between countries over shared environmental resources

By establishing mechanisms for resolving environmental disputes peacefully

All of the above

The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities applies to both IHL and environmental law

The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities only applies to environmental law

The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities only applies to IHL

The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities does not apply to either IHL or environmental law

None of the above

It prohibits the targeting of cultural property for military purposes

It requires parties to a conflict to take steps to protect cultural property from damage or destruction

It establishes a process for the restitution of cultural property that has been damaged or destroyed

It provides for the prosecution of individuals who commit crimes against cultural property

All of the above

It provides for the prosecution of individuals who commit serious violations of IHL and environmental law

It establishes international tribunals to try individuals accused of such violations

It allows for the extradition of individuals accused of such violations to countries where they can be tried

It provides for the enforcement of judgments and sentences issued by international tribunals

All of the above

It requires parties to a conflict to take steps to minimize environmental displacement

It provides for the protection and assistance of environmentally displaced persons

It establishes mechanisms for the return and resettlement of environmentally displaced persons

It promotes the inclusion of environmental considerations in post-conflict peacebuilding and reconstruction efforts

All of the above

The process of using environmental cooperation and collaboration to build peace and prevent conflict

The use of environmental resources to promote peace and stability

The integration of environmental considerations into peace negotiations and agreements

The establishment of international mechanisms for environmental monitoring and enforcement in post-conflict situations

None of the above