Urbanization is the process of population concentration in urban areas, leading to the growth of cities and towns.

Increased rural-urban migration is a cause of urbanization, not a characteristic.

Suburbanization is the outward expansion of a city into its surrounding rural areas, resulting in the growth of suburbs.

Gentrification is the process of renovating and upgrading a deteriorated urban area, often leading to an increase in property values and displacement of low-income residents.

Annexation is the process of incorporating unincorporated areas into a city or town, expanding its boundaries.

The main goal of urban planning is to improve the quality of life for residents by creating livable, sustainable, and equitable communities.

Historic preservation is not a common element of urban planning, although it may be included in some plans.

Zoning is the division of a city into different zones, each with its own set of regulations regarding land use, building height, and other factors.

Transportation planning is the process of planning and designing transportation systems in urban areas, including roads, public transit, and pedestrian infrastructure.

Land use planning is the process of planning and regulating the use of land in urban areas, including residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational uses.

Historic preservation is the term for the protection and preservation of historic buildings and districts in urban areas.

Smart growth is the concept of creating compact, walkable, and mixed-use urban areas that promote sustainability and reduce sprawl.

Transit-oriented development is the term for the development of urban areas around public transportation hubs, promoting walkability and reducing car dependence.

Sustainable development is the concept of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

New urbanism is the term for the process of creating more livable, equitable, and sustainable cities by promoting walkability, mixed-use development, and public transportation.