The resolution of a panoramic image is primarily determined by the resolution of the camera sensor used to capture the individual images that are stitched together.

The effect of focal length on resolution depends on the size of the camera sensor. Generally, a longer focal length lens will result in higher resolution for a given camera sensor size, while a wider focal length lens will result in lower resolution.

Stitching together more images generally results in a higher resolution panoramic image, as it increases the total number of pixels in the final image.

Image compression settings affect the file size and quality of a panoramic image, but they do not directly affect the resolution of the image.

High-quality panoramic images typically have a resolution of around 30 megapixels, although this can vary depending on the camera and lens used.

Using a higher resolution camera for panoramic photography generally results in improved image quality, as it allows for more detail to be captured in the individual images that are stitched together.

Using a higher resolution camera for panoramic photography can result in a slower stitching process, as the software needs to process more data.

The recommended focal length for panoramic photography depends on the desired field of view. Wider focal lengths allow for a wider field of view, while longer focal lengths allow for more detail in the image.

Using a tripod and shooting in manual mode helps to ensure that the individual images are properly aligned and exposed, which minimizes stitching artifacts.

Using a high-quality stitching software helps to blend the individual images together seamlessly and minimize stitching artifacts.

Flat is not a common type of panoramic projection. Cylindrical, spherical, and cubic are the most common types of panoramic projections.

Cylindrical projection is easier to stitch images together because it assumes that the scene is wrapped around a cylinder, which makes it easier to align and blend the individual images.

Spherical projection results in a more realistic image because it assumes that the scene is projected onto a sphere, which is more similar to the way that the human eye perceives the world.

Cubic projection is more difficult to stitch images together because it assumes that the scene is projected onto a cube, which makes it more challenging to align and blend the individual images.

HDR is not a common file format for panoramic images. JPEG, TIFF, and PNG are the most common file formats for panoramic images.