OTEC systems utilize the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep waters to generate electricity.

Closed-Cycle OTEC systems use a working fluid, such as ammonia or propane, to transfer heat from the warm water to the cold water, generating electricity.

Closed-cycle OTEC systems offer higher efficiency, lower cost, and reduced environmental impact compared to open-cycle OTEC systems.

OTEC systems typically require a temperature difference of at least 20-25 °C between the warm surface waters and the cold deep waters to operate efficiently.

The evaporator in an OTEC system absorbs heat from the warm water, causing the working fluid to evaporate.

The condenser in an OTEC system cools and condenses the working fluid, releasing heat to the cold water.

The turbine in an OTEC system converts the thermal energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy, which is then used to generate electricity.

The high cost of constructing and maintaining OTEC systems is a major challenge to their widespread implementation.

Japan has been a leader in the development and deployment of OTEC systems, with several pilot and demonstration projects.

The potential global capacity of OTEC systems is estimated to be in the range of 100,000 GW, offering a significant source of renewable energy.

Floating OTEC systems are mounted on floating platforms, allowing them to be deployed in deep waters.

The potential disruption of marine habitats and ecosystems is a primary environmental concern associated with OTEC systems.

Hybrid OTEC systems combine the features of both open-cycle and closed-cycle systems, offering potential advantages in terms of efficiency and cost.

Hybrid OTEC systems have the potential to achieve higher efficiency compared to closed-cycle OTEC systems.

The high cost of constructing and maintaining OTEC systems is a major challenge to their commercial viability.