Mudras are primarily used in Bharatanatyam to convey emotions, ideas, and stories. They are a way for the dancer to communicate with the audience and express the various aspects of the dance.

There is no fixed number of mudras in Bharatanatyam. Different sources mention different numbers, ranging from 28 to 200. The actual number of mudras used in a dance depends on the choreographer and the theme of the dance.

The Tandava mudra is known as the "dance of Shiva". It is a vigorous and powerful mudra that represents Shiva's cosmic dance of creation, preservation, and destruction.

The Abhaya mudra is a gesture of fearlessness. It is performed with the palm facing outward and the fingers extended. This mudra is often used in Bharatanatyam to convey a sense of security and protection.

The Padma Hasta mudra is used to represent the lotus flower. It is performed with the fingers and thumb joined together to form a lotus bud. This mudra is often used in Bharatanatyam to symbolize purity, beauty, and enlightenment.

Hasta mudras in Bharatanatyam serve multiple purposes. They convey emotions and ideas, add grace and beauty to the dance, and help the dancer to tell stories. They are an integral part of the dance form and contribute to its expressive and communicative nature.

The Surya Mudra is used to represent the sun. It is performed with the ring finger and thumb touching, while the other fingers are extended. This mudra is often used in Bharatanatyam to symbolize energy, vitality, and power.

The Namaste mudra is a gesture of salutation, respect, and gratitude. It is performed with the palms pressed together in front of the chest. This mudra is often used in Bharatanatyam to greet the audience, show respect to the guru, or express gratitude for the opportunity to perform.

The Chandra Mudra is used to represent the moon. It is performed with the little finger and thumb touching, while the other fingers are extended. This mudra is often used in Bharatanatyam to symbolize coolness, serenity, and peace.

Hasta mudras in Bharatanatyam serve multiple purposes. They convey emotions and ideas, add grace and beauty to the dance, and help the dancer to tell stories. They are an integral part of the dance form and contribute to its expressive and communicative nature.

The Vayu Mudra is used to represent the wind. It is performed with the index finger and thumb touching, while the other fingers are extended. This mudra is often used in Bharatanatyam to symbolize movement, energy, and freedom.

The Shikhara mudra is a gesture of mountain peak, victory, and power. It is performed with the hands raised above the head, with the fingers pointing upward. This mudra is often used in Bharatanatyam to symbolize strength, determination, and achievement.

The Agni Mudra is used to represent the fire. It is performed with the middle finger and thumb touching, while the other fingers are extended. This mudra is often used in Bharatanatyam to symbolize energy, passion, and transformation.

Hasta mudras in Bharatanatyam serve multiple purposes. They convey emotions and ideas, add grace and beauty to the dance, and help the dancer to tell stories. They are an integral part of the dance form and contribute to its expressive and communicative nature.

The Varuna Mudra is used to represent the water. It is performed with the little finger and thumb touching, while the other fingers are extended. This mudra is often used in Bharatanatyam to symbolize purity, fluidity, and life.