Protectionism is a trade policy that uses tariffs, quotas, and other measures to restrict imports and protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

Free trade policy aims to promote economic growth by removing barriers to trade and allowing countries to specialize in producing goods and services that they have a comparative advantage in.

Industrial policy is a trade policy that involves government intervention to promote specific industries or sectors, typically through subsidies, tax incentives, or other forms of support.

Comparative advantage theory, developed by David Ricardo, argues that countries should specialize in producing and exporting goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, even if they are less efficient at producing other goods and services.

Balance of trade refers to the overall value of a country's exports minus the value of its imports.

Mercantilism is a trade policy that involves government intervention to restrict imports and promote exports, typically through tariffs, quotas, and other measures.

Trade deficit refers to a situation where a country imports more goods and services than it exports.

Laissez-faire is a trade policy that involves minimal government intervention and allows market forces to determine trade flows.

Trade surplus refers to a situation where a country exports more goods and services than it imports.

Mercantilism is a trade policy that involves government intervention to promote exports and restrict imports, typically through tariffs, quotas, and other measures.

Absolute advantage theory, developed by Adam Smith, argues that countries should focus on producing and exporting goods and services in which they have an absolute advantage, meaning they can produce them more efficiently than other countries.

Protectionism is a trade policy that involves government intervention to restrict imports and promote domestic industries.

Balance of trade refers to the overall value of a country's exports minus the value of its imports.

Industrial policy is a trade policy that involves government intervention to promote specific industries or sectors, typically through subsidies, tax incentives, or other forms of support.

Comparative advantage theory, developed by David Ricardo, argues that countries should specialize in producing and exporting goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, even if they are less efficient at producing other goods and services.