Environmental ethics and the good life often focus on the idea that nature has inherent value, independent of its usefulness to humans.

Some environmental ethicists argue that the preservation of biodiversity is a fundamental moral imperative, as it is essential for the health and stability of ecosystems.

Anthropocentrism, which places humans at the center of moral consideration, has been criticized for failing to recognize the intrinsic value of nature, leading to the exploitation of natural resources, and ignoring the rights of animals.

Environmental stewardship refers to the idea that humans have a moral responsibility to care for and protect the environment, often based on the belief that nature has intrinsic value.

Arne Naess is a Norwegian philosopher and ecologist who is considered one of the founders of deep ecology, a philosophy that emphasizes the intrinsic value of nature and the importance of preserving ecological integrity.

Ecocentrism is the belief that the natural world has intrinsic value and that humans should live in harmony with it, rather than dominating or exploiting it.

Common arguments against the idea of intrinsic value in nature include the difficulty of objectively measuring its value, the subjective and variable nature of human valuations, and the anthropocentric basis of the concept.

Naturalism is the view that the good life is one that is lived in accordance with nature and natural values, often emphasizing the importance of simplicity, self-sufficiency, and connection to the natural world.

Aldo Leopold is an American ecologist and writer who is known for his concept of the 'land ethic,' which emphasizes the importance of respecting and caring for the land and its inhabitants.

Intergenerational equity refers to the idea that present generations have a moral obligation to future generations to protect the environment and ensure that they have access to a healthy and sustainable planet.

Common arguments in favor of economic growth as a means to achieve environmental sustainability include the potential for technological innovation, revenue generation for environmental protection, and job creation.

Environmental justice refers to the idea that environmental degradation and social injustice are interconnected, often focusing on the disproportionate impacts of environmental hazards on marginalized communities.

Rachel Carson is an American marine biologist and conservationist who is known for her book 'Silent Spring,' which raised awareness about the dangers of pesticides and their impact on the environment.

Degrowth refers to the idea that the pursuit of economic growth and material consumption is inherently unsustainable and harmful to the environment, advocating for a transition to a steady-state or degrowth economy.

Common arguments against the idea of degrowth as a means to achieve environmental sustainability include the potential for economic recession and job losses, the undermining of technological innovation and progress, and the disproportionate impacts on marginalized communities.