All of the options are major environmental issues facing India today.

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 was the first major environmental law enacted in India.

Climate change is not a major cause of deforestation in India.

The Indian government's flagship program to promote renewable energy is called the National Clean Energy Mission, which includes the National Solar Mission, the National Wind Mission, the National Biomass Mission, and the National Hydropower Mission.

All of the options are major challenges to environmental conservation and sustainability in India.

The Indian government's flagship program to promote sustainable agriculture is called the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, which includes the National Mission on Organic Farming, the National Mission on Agroforestry, and the National Mission on Soil Health.

All of the options are major goals of the Indian government's National Action Plan on Climate Change.

The Indian government's flagship program to promote energy efficiency is called the National Mission on Energy Efficiency.

All of the options are major challenges to the implementation of environmental conservation and sustainability policies in India.

The Indian government's flagship program to promote sustainable urban development is called the National Mission on Sustainable Urban Development, which includes the National Mission on Smart Cities, the National Mission on Urban Renewal, and the National Mission on Urban Infrastructure.

All of the options are major goals of the Indian government's National Biodiversity Action Plan.

The Indian government's flagship program to promote sustainable tourism is called the National Mission on Sustainable Tourism.

All of the options are major challenges to the implementation of sustainable tourism in India.

The Indian government's flagship program to promote sustainable water management is called the National Mission on Water Conservation, which includes the National Mission on Water Efficiency, the National Mission on Water Quality, and the National Mission on Water Resources Management.

All of the options are major challenges to the implementation of sustainable water management in India.