Solar radiation provides the energy required for chemical reactions to occur in exoplanetary systems.

Water vapor is the most abundant molecule in the atmospheres of many exoplanets, particularly those located in the habitable zone.

Recombination is the process by which atoms or molecules combine to form larger molecules.

Condensation reactions are responsible for the formation of complex organic molecules by combining smaller molecules into larger ones.

Atmospheric composition refers to the chemical makeup of an exoplanetary atmosphere.

Spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the chemical composition of exoplanetary atmospheres by studying the light they emit or absorb.

Photodissociation is the process by which molecules are broken apart by the absorption of high-energy photons.

Ammonia is the most abundant molecule in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters, which are gas giant exoplanets that orbit very close to their host stars.

Atmospheric circulation refers to the movement of air masses within an exoplanetary atmosphere.

Redox reactions, which involve the transfer of electrons between atoms or molecules, are responsible for the formation of water vapor in exoplanetary atmospheres.

Surface composition refers to the chemical makeup of an exoplanetary surface.

Spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the chemical composition of exoplanetary surfaces by studying the light they emit or absorb.

Surface chemistry refers to the chemical reactions that occur on the surfaces of exoplanets.

Condensation reactions are responsible for the formation of complex organic molecules on the surfaces of exoplanets by combining smaller molecules into larger ones.

Atmospheric escape refers to the process by which molecules leave the atmospheres of exoplanets and enter space.