Søren Kierkegaard is widely regarded as the father of Existentialism, a philosophical movement that emphasizes the importance of individual existence, freedom, and choice.

Friedrich Nietzsche is known for his declaration that "God is dead," expressing his critique of traditional religious beliefs and values.

Edmund Husserl's phenomenology focuses on the study of consciousness, aiming to describe and analyze the structures and contents of conscious experience.

Jacques Derrida is credited with coining the term "deconstruction," a philosophical approach that examines the underlying assumptions and structures of texts and discourses.

Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialism emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and choice, exploring the existential dilemmas and responsibilities that arise from our existence.

Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of the "will to power" is central to his philosophy, representing the fundamental driving force behind human behavior and existence.

Michel Foucault's work on power centers around the critique of knowledge and discourse, exploring how power relations shape and are shaped by the ways we think, speak, and act.

Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of the "eternal return" posits that every moment of our existence will repeat itself infinitely, challenging us to live authentically and embrace our freedom.

Albert Camus' existentialism focuses on the absurdity of existence, exploring the tension between the human desire for meaning and the inherent meaninglessness of the universe.

Martin Heidegger's concept of the "Dasein" refers to the being of human existence, emphasizing the unique and situated nature of human experience.

Jean-François Lyotard's postmodernism centers around the critique of grand narratives, questioning the overarching and universalizing metanarratives that have shaped Western thought.

Gilles Deleuze's concept of the "rhizome" represents a non-linear, interconnected, and decentralized model of thought and existence, challenging traditional notions of structure and hierarchy.

Emmanuel Levinas' philosophy primarily focuses on the study of ethics and responsibility, exploring the relationship between the self and the other, and the ethical implications of our encounters with others.

Jean Baudrillard's concept of the "simulacrum" refers to a copy or representation that has no original, challenging traditional notions of reality and representation.

Judith Butler's work on gender performativity focuses on the study of how gender identity is constructed and performed through social and cultural norms, challenging traditional notions of gender as fixed and essential.