Transit photometry involves observing the dimming of a star's light as an exoplanet passes in front of it, allowing astronomers to infer the planet's size and orbital period.

The Kepler Space Telescope was launched in 2009 with the primary mission of discovering exoplanets using the transit photometry method.

Exoplanet is the widely accepted term used to refer to planets that orbit stars other than the Sun.

Kepler-452b was discovered in 2015 and is located in the habitable zone of its parent star, Kepler-452, making it a potential candidate for harboring liquid water on its surface.

Synchronous rotation occurs when a planet's rotation period is equal to its orbital period, resulting in one side of the planet always facing the star and the other side always facing away.

WASP-12b is an exoplanet with extreme temperature variations due to its close proximity to its parent star, resulting in a dayside that is extremely hot and a nightside that is extremely cold.

Gas giants are planets that are composed primarily of gases, such as hydrogen and helium, and lack a solid surface.

CoRoT-7b is an exoplanet that is significantly larger than Jupiter, making it one of the largest known exoplanets.

Circumbinary planets are planets that orbit two stars, forming a binary star system.

HD 80606 b is an exoplanet with a retrograde orbit, making it unique among known exoplanets.

Habitable planets are planets that are located in a star's habitable zone, where conditions may be suitable for liquid water to exist on their surface.

Kepler-78b is an exoplanet with an extremely short orbital period of less than a day, making it one of the fastest-orbiting exoplanets known.

Terrestrial planets are planets that are composed primarily of rock and metal, similar to Earth.

HD 80606 b is an exoplanet with an extreme eccentricity, resulting in a highly elliptical orbit around its parent star.

Non-habitable planets are planets that are located outside of their parent star's habitable zone, where conditions are not suitable for liquid water to exist on their surface.