Speedlights are compact and portable flash units that can be mounted directly on top of a camera, making them ideal for on-camera photography.

A flash diffuser is used to soften the harsh light output of a flash, creating a more natural and even distribution of light.

In manual flash mode, the photographer has complete control over the power output of the flash, allowing for precise adjustments to achieve the desired lighting effect.

Flash stacking involves using multiple flash units placed at different positions to create a more even and controlled lighting setup.

Studio flashes are powerful and versatile flash units designed for use in controlled studio environments, providing precise lighting control and consistent results.

A flash sync cord is a cable that physically connects the camera to the flash unit, allowing for reliable triggering and synchronization of the flash with the camera's shutter.

Flash bouncing is a technique where the flash is directed towards a reflective surface, such as a wall or ceiling, to create a softer and more diffused light that wraps around the subject.

TTL (Through-The-Lens) flash mode uses a sensor in the camera to measure the light reflected from the scene and automatically adjusts the flash power output accordingly.

Flash freezing is a technique where a flash is used with a fast shutter speed to capture a moving subject in mid-motion, effectively freezing the action.

Modeling lights are continuous light sources often found on studio flashes, allowing photographers to preview the lighting setup and shadows before capturing the final image.

Catchlight is a technique where a flash is positioned to create a small reflection in the subject's eyes, adding sparkle and life to the portrait.

E-TTL (Evaluative Through-The-Lens) flash mode combines the automation of TTL with the ability to wirelessly trigger multiple flash units, providing greater flexibility in lighting setups.

Hard light is a technique where a flash is used with minimal diffusion to create a harsh and directional light effect, often used to emphasize texture and depth in a photograph.

Ring flashes are specialized flash units that encircle the camera lens, providing even and shadowless illumination for close-up and macro photography.

Soft light is a technique where a flash is used with diffusion modifiers or bounced off a large surface to create a soft and even light effect, often used for portrait photography.