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The History of Vaccination

Description: The History of Vaccination
Number of Questions: 14
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Tags: medicine healthcare history vaccines
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Who is credited with developing the first vaccine?

  1. Edward Jenner

  2. Louis Pasteur

  3. Robert Koch

  4. Alexander Fleming

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Edward Jenner, an English physician, is credited with developing the first vaccine in 1796. He used cowpox to immunize against smallpox.

What was the first disease to be prevented by a vaccine?

  1. Smallpox

  2. Measles

  3. Polio

  4. Tetanus

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Smallpox was the first disease to be prevented by a vaccine. Edward Jenner's vaccine, developed in 1796, was effective in preventing smallpox infection.

Which scientist developed the polio vaccine?

  1. Jonas Salk

  2. Albert Sabin

  3. Maurice Hilleman

  4. Samuel Plotkin

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Jonas Salk, an American virologist, developed the first polio vaccine in 1955. His vaccine was an inactivated poliovirus vaccine, which was administered by injection.

When was the measles vaccine introduced?

  1. 1963

  2. 1968

  3. 1971

  4. 1977

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The measles vaccine was introduced in 1963. It was a live attenuated vaccine, which was administered by injection.

Which disease was eradicated globally through vaccination?

  1. Smallpox

  2. Polio

  3. Measles

  4. Tetanus

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Smallpox was the first disease to be eradicated globally through vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared smallpox eradicated in 1980.

What is the main component of most vaccines?

  1. Live attenuated virus

  2. Inactivated virus

  3. Toxoid

  4. Recombinant protein

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

The main component of most vaccines is an antigen. Antigens are molecules that trigger an immune response in the body.

How do vaccines work?

  1. By introducing a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen into the body

  2. By stimulating the production of antibodies against the pathogen

  3. By providing passive immunity against the pathogen

  4. By killing the pathogen directly

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Vaccines work by introducing a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen into the body. This allows the immune system to develop antibodies against the pathogen without causing disease.

What is the difference between a live attenuated vaccine and an inactivated vaccine?

  1. Live attenuated vaccines contain a weakened form of the pathogen, while inactivated vaccines contain a killed form of the pathogen.

  2. Live attenuated vaccines are more effective than inactivated vaccines.

  3. Live attenuated vaccines are more likely to cause side effects than inactivated vaccines.

  4. Live attenuated vaccines are more expensive than inactivated vaccines.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Live attenuated vaccines contain a weakened form of the pathogen, while inactivated vaccines contain a killed form of the pathogen. Live attenuated vaccines are generally more effective than inactivated vaccines, but they are also more likely to cause side effects.

What is a toxoid vaccine?

  1. A vaccine that contains a weakened form of the toxin produced by a pathogen

  2. A vaccine that contains an inactivated form of the toxin produced by a pathogen

  3. A vaccine that contains a recombinant form of the toxin produced by a pathogen

  4. A vaccine that contains a synthetic form of the toxin produced by a pathogen

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A toxoid vaccine is a vaccine that contains an inactivated form of the toxin produced by a pathogen. Toxoid vaccines are used to prevent diseases caused by bacterial toxins, such as diphtheria and tetanus.

What is a recombinant vaccine?

  1. A vaccine that contains a weakened form of the pathogen produced by genetic engineering

  2. A vaccine that contains an inactivated form of the pathogen produced by genetic engineering

  3. A vaccine that contains a toxoid produced by genetic engineering

  4. A vaccine that contains a synthetic form of the pathogen produced by genetic engineering

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine that contains a weakened form of the pathogen produced by genetic engineering. Recombinant vaccines are produced by inserting the gene encoding the pathogen's antigen into a harmless virus or bacterium.

What is a synthetic vaccine?

  1. A vaccine that contains a weakened form of the pathogen produced by chemical synthesis

  2. A vaccine that contains an inactivated form of the pathogen produced by chemical synthesis

  3. A vaccine that contains a toxoid produced by chemical synthesis

  4. A vaccine that contains a synthetic form of the pathogen produced by chemical synthesis

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A synthetic vaccine is a vaccine that contains a synthetic form of the pathogen produced by chemical synthesis. Synthetic vaccines are produced by chemically synthesizing the antigen of the pathogen.

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

  1. Active immunity is acquired through vaccination, while passive immunity is acquired through infection.

  2. Active immunity is acquired through infection, while passive immunity is acquired through vaccination.

  3. Active immunity is acquired through exposure to a pathogen, while passive immunity is acquired through exposure to an antigen.

  4. Active immunity is acquired through exposure to an antigen, while passive immunity is acquired through exposure to a pathogen.

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Correct Option:
Explanation:

Active immunity is acquired through exposure to an antigen, while passive immunity is acquired through exposure to an antibody. Active immunity is long-lasting, while passive immunity is short-lived.

What is herd immunity?

  1. The immunity of a population to a disease as a result of a high level of vaccination

  2. The immunity of a population to a disease as a result of a high level of infection

  3. The immunity of a population to a disease as a result of a high level of exposure to the pathogen

  4. The immunity of a population to a disease as a result of a high level of exposure to the antigen

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Herd immunity is the immunity of a population to a disease as a result of a high level of vaccination. When a high proportion of a population is vaccinated, it creates a barrier to the spread of the disease, protecting those who are not vaccinated.

What are the benefits of vaccination?

  1. Vaccines prevent disease.

  2. Vaccines reduce the severity of disease.

  3. Vaccines protect others from disease.

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Vaccines prevent disease, reduce the severity of disease, and protect others from disease. Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself and others from disease.

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