Aryabhata, a brilliant mathematician and astronomer, is often hailed as the 'Father of Indian Mathematics' for his groundbreaking work in the 5th century CE.

The Surya Siddhanta, an influential astronomical text, is believed to have been composed around the 4th or 5th century CE and contains valuable insights into ancient Indian astronomy and mathematics.

The Pythagorean Theorem, attributed to the Greek mathematician Pythagoras, was known to ancient Indian mathematicians as the 'Sulba Sutra' and was widely used in architectural and geometric calculations.

Brahmagupta, a renowned mathematician of the 7th century CE, is credited with introducing the concept of 'zero' into the Indian number system, revolutionizing mathematical calculations.

Vedanta, one of the six major schools of Indian philosophy, focuses on the ultimate goal of self-realization and liberation from suffering through spiritual knowledge and practices.

Adi Shankara, a renowned philosopher and theologian of the 8th century CE, is widely regarded as the founder of the Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy, which emphasizes the non-duality of the self and the ultimate reality.

Nyaya, one of the six major schools of Indian philosophy, emphasizes the importance of logical reasoning, epistemology, and the study of knowledge and its sources.

Vaisheshika, one of the six major schools of Indian philosophy, focuses on the analysis of physical reality, the categories of existence, and the nature of atoms and molecules.

Samkhya, one of the six major schools of Indian philosophy, emphasizes the importance of the soul, its journey towards liberation, and the distinction between matter and consciousness.

The Surya Siddhanta, an ancient Indian astronomical text, is considered a primary source of knowledge about ancient Indian mathematics and astronomy, containing valuable insights into celestial bodies, planetary motions, and mathematical calculations.

Brahmagupta, a brilliant mathematician of the 7th century CE, is credited with developing the concept of negative numbers and using them in mathematical calculations, a significant advancement in ancient mathematics.

The Bhagavad Gita, an integral part of the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata, is considered a seminal work in Indian philosophy, containing profound insights into various philosophical schools, ethics, and the nature of reality.

Adi Shankara, a renowned philosopher of the 8th century CE, is known for his theory of 'Maya' or illusion, which posits that the world we perceive is not ultimately real and is a product of our limited understanding.

The Manusmriti, an ancient Indian legal and ethical text, is considered a primary source of knowledge about ancient Indian ethics, moral values, and social norms.

Ramanuja, a renowned philosopher of the 11th century CE, is known for his theory of 'Bhakti' or devotion, which emphasizes the importance of love and devotion to God as a means of achieving spiritual liberation.