OTEC operates on the principle of extracting energy from the temperature gradient between the warm surface waters and the cold deep waters of the ocean.

A temperature difference of at least 20°C (36°F) is generally considered necessary for OTEC to be economically viable.

Closed-Cycle OTEC systems utilize a working fluid, such as ammonia or R-134a, in a closed loop to transfer heat from the warm surface water to the cold deep water.

Closed-Cycle OTEC systems offer higher efficiency, lower cost, and reduced environmental impact compared to Open-Cycle OTEC systems.

Open-Cycle OTEC systems directly use the warm surface water to generate electricity through a process called flash evaporation.

Open-Cycle OTEC systems have lower efficiency, higher cost, and increased environmental impact compared to Closed-Cycle OTEC systems.

Hybrid OTEC systems combine features of both Closed-Cycle and Open-Cycle systems, aiming to optimize efficiency and reduce costs.

OTEC technology faces challenges related to high capital costs, technical complexity, and potential environmental concerns.

The United States has been a pioneer in the development of OTEC technology, with several pilot projects and research initiatives.

The Nauru OTEC Plant in the Republic of Nauru was the largest OTEC plant ever built, with a capacity of 12 MW.

The potential global capacity of OTEC is estimated to be around 100 TW, which is significantly higher than the current global electricity demand.

OTEC technology raises environmental concerns related to potential harm to marine life, release of harmful chemicals, and disruption of ocean currents.

OTEC technology has potential applications in electricity generation, desalination of seawater, and air conditioning.

OTEC technology is still under development and is not yet commercially viable, but research and pilot projects are ongoing.

The future success of OTEC technology will depend on technological advancements, cost reduction, and supportive government policies.