Pipelines are used to transport fluids, such as oil, gas, and water, and are not considered a mode of transportation in the traditional sense.

BRT is a high-capacity public transportation system that uses dedicated lanes, stations, and buses to provide fast and efficient service.

ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that sets standards and regulations for international air transport.

JIT is a key element of lean manufacturing, which aims to minimize waste and improve efficiency by reducing inventory levels and optimizing production processes.

NAFTA, or the North American Free Trade Agreement, was established to eliminate tariffs and other trade barriers between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Subsidies are government financial assistance provided to domestic industries, which can distort trade by giving domestic producers an unfair advantage over foreign competitors.

The WTO dispute settlement mechanism is based on the principle of binding arbitration, where a panel of experts adjudicates disputes and its decisions are legally binding on the parties involved.

The World Bank and IMF are international financial institutions that provide loans, technical assistance, and policy advice to developing countries to support economic development and poverty reduction.

UNCTAD is a permanent intergovernmental body established by the United Nations General Assembly to promote international trade and development.

Rail transportation is primarily used for domestic and regional transportation, while shipping, airfreight, and road transportation are commonly used for international trade.

GATT, or the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, was an international agreement aimed at reducing tariffs and other trade barriers among its member countries.

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states that have agreed to a common economic and monetary policy, with a single currency (the euro) and a common market.

APEC, or the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, is a regional economic forum aimed at promoting economic cooperation and development among its member economies in the Asia-Pacific region.

OECD is an intergovernmental economic organization with 38 member countries that promotes economic cooperation and development among industrialized countries.