A topographic survey involves measuring the elevation and location of points on the river channel bed and banks. This data can be used to create a detailed map of the channel morphology.

Grain size analysis provides information about the processes that deposited a sediment deposit. For example, a sediment deposit with a high percentage of fine-grained particles (e.g., clay and silt) is likely to have been deposited in a low-energy environment, such as a floodplain or a lake.

A quadrat survey involves placing a quadrat (a square or rectangular frame) at regular intervals along a transect or in a random pattern across the site. The vegetation within each quadrat is then identified and counted.

Water quality analysis involves measuring various chemical and physical parameters of a water body, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient concentrations. This data can be used to assess the impact of human activities, such as pollution and land use changes, on the water body.

Geomorphic mapping involves creating a map that shows the distribution of different landforms and geological features in a landscape. This map can be used to identify areas that have been affected by different geomorphic processes and to reconstruct the history of landscape evolution.

Stratigraphic analysis involves studying the sequence of sediment layers in a geological deposit. The age of each layer can be determined using various dating techniques, such as radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology. This information can be used to reconstruct the history of sediment deposition and landscape evolution.

Radiocarbon dating is a widely used method for dating organic materials, such as wood, charcoal, and peat. It is commonly used to date geomorphic features, such as river terraces, glacial moraines, and archaeological sites.

Dendrochronology involves studying the annual growth rings of trees. The width of each growth ring is influenced by climatic conditions, such as temperature and precipitation. By analyzing the growth rings of trees, dendrochronologists can reconstruct past climate conditions.

Bedload sampling involves collecting sediment that is moving along the bed of a river channel. This sediment is typically collected using a bedload sampler, which is a device that is placed on the river bed and collects sediment as it moves past.

Suspended sediment sampling involves collecting sediment that is suspended in the water column of a river. This sediment is typically collected using a suspended sediment sampler, which is a device that is placed in the water column and collects sediment as it flows past.

Vegetation mapping involves creating a map that shows the distribution of different plant species or communities in a landscape. This map can be used to identify areas where vegetation is playing an important role in geomorphic processes, such as erosion control and sediment deposition.

Vegetation sampling involves collecting data on the species composition, biomass, and health of a plant community. This data can be used to study the interactions between vegetation and geomorphic processes, such as the role of vegetation in erosion control and sediment deposition.

Historical analysis involves studying historical records, such as maps, photographs, and written documents, to identify how human activities have changed the landscape over time. This information can be used to understand the impact of human activities on geomorphic processes.

Land use mapping involves creating a map that shows the distribution of different land uses in a landscape. This map can be used to identify areas where land use has changed over time. This information can then be used to assess the impact of land use change on geomorphic processes.

Climate modeling involves using computer models to simulate past, present, and future climate conditions. These models can be used to study the role of climate in geomorphic processes, such as the impact of climate change on erosion rates and sediment transport.