To predict election outcomes

To gauge public opinion on political issues

To inform political campaigns

All of the above

Telephone surveys

Online surveys

In-person interviews

Focus groups

Polls are conducted by government agencies, while surveys are conducted by private organizations.

Polls are used to predict election outcomes, while surveys are used to gauge public opinion.

Polls are conducted using random samples, while surveys are conducted using convenience samples.

None of the above

The percentage of respondents who are undecided

The percentage of respondents who refuse to answer

The range of values within which the true population value is likely to fall

The percentage of respondents who are ineligible to vote

Random samples are selected based on probability, while convenience samples are selected based on availability.

Random samples are more representative of the population, while convenience samples are less representative.

Random samples are more expensive to conduct, while convenience samples are less expensive.

All of the above

The percentage of respondents who answer the poll

The percentage of respondents who refuse to answer the poll

The percentage of respondents who are undecided

The percentage of respondents who are ineligible to vote

Leading questions are designed to elicit a specific response, while neutral questions are designed to avoid eliciting a specific response.

Leading questions are more likely to produce biased results, while neutral questions are more likely to produce unbiased results.

Leading questions are more likely to be used in political polls, while neutral questions are more likely to be used in academic surveys.

All of the above

To adjust the sample to match the population on certain demographic characteristics

To reduce the margin of error

To increase the response rate

To make the poll more representative of the population

Cross-sectional surveys collect data from a sample of individuals at a single point in time, while longitudinal surveys collect data from the same sample of individuals over a period of time.

Cross-sectional surveys are more expensive to conduct, while longitudinal surveys are less expensive.

Cross-sectional surveys are more likely to be used in political polls, while longitudinal surveys are more likely to be used in academic research.

None of the above

Probability samples are selected based on probability, while non-probability samples are selected based on convenience.

Probability samples are more representative of the population, while non-probability samples are less representative.

Probability samples are more expensive to conduct, while non-probability samples are less expensive.

All of the above

Quota samples are selected based on demographic characteristics, while stratified samples are selected based on geographic regions.

Quota samples are more representative of the population, while stratified samples are less representative.

Quota samples are more expensive to conduct, while stratified samples are less expensive.

None of the above

Panel surveys collect data from the same sample of individuals over a period of time, while cross-sectional surveys collect data from a different sample of individuals at each time point.

Panel surveys are more expensive to conduct, while cross-sectional surveys are less expensive.

Panel surveys are more likely to be used in political polls, while cross-sectional surveys are more likely to be used in academic research.

None of the above

A sample is a subset of a population.

A population is a subset of a sample.

A sample is always smaller than a population.

None of the above

A hypothesis is a specific prediction about the relationship between two or more variables, while a theory is a general explanation of a phenomenon.

A hypothesis is more likely to be supported by evidence, while a theory is more likely to be refuted by evidence.

A hypothesis is more likely to be used in political polls, while a theory is more likely to be used in academic research.

None of the above