The wave-particle duality of matter, the uncertainty principle, and the superposition principle are all fundamental postulates of quantum mechanics.

The Schrödinger equation is a differential equation that describes the wave function of an electron in an atom.

The uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of an electron with perfect accuracy, or both the energy and time of an electron with perfect accuracy.

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant.

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases.

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.

The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

The microcanonical ensemble, the canonical ensemble, and the grand canonical ensemble are all types of statistical ensembles.

Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system.

Covalent bonding, ionic bonding, metallic bonding, and hydrogen bonding are all types of chemical bonding.

The band theory of solids describes the behavior of electrons in a metal.

Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces are all types of intermolecular forces.

Fluorescence is the phenomenon that occurs when a substance absorbs light and then emits it as light of a longer wavelength.

Infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry are all types of spectroscopy.

Distillation is a technique that is used to separate a mixture of substances based on their different boiling points.