Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have led to a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming.

The Arctic is warming at twice the global average rate, making it one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth.

Sea ice loss reduces the availability of hunting grounds for polar bears, as they rely on sea ice to access their prey, such as seals.

Ice sheet collapse refers to the rapid and irreversible melting of large ice sheets, such as those found in Greenland and Antarctica.

Climate change alters habitats and ecosystems, leading to shifts in species distribution and abundance, as well as changes in species interactions and behavior.

Sea ice loss disrupts traditional hunting and fishing practices of indigenous communities, as sea ice provides a platform for these activities.

The observed changes in Arctic sea ice extent are primarily attributed to human-induced climate change, particularly the increase in greenhouse gas emissions.

Climate change-induced warming leads to permafrost degradation and melting, releasing greenhouse gases and affecting ecosystems and infrastructure.

Seasonal sea ice cover refers to the annual cycle of sea ice melting and refreezing in the Arctic.

Climate change alters ocean conditions, leading to shifts in phytoplankton species composition and distribution, potentially affecting marine ecosystems and food webs.

Ice sheet collapse in Antarctica would contribute significantly to global sea level rise, potentially leading to widespread coastal flooding and displacement of populations.

Ice flow refers to the movement and deformation of glaciers and ice sheets under their own weight, influenced by factors such as gravity, ice thickness, and temperature.

Climate change-induced changes in sea ice conditions disrupt the migration patterns and breeding cycles of Arctic marine mammals, affecting their survival and reproductive success.

Sea ice formation refers to the process by which seawater freezes and forms sea ice, which plays a crucial role in the Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems.

Climate change leads to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as storms and flooding, making coastal communities in the Polar Regions more vulnerable to these hazards.