Pythagoras is often regarded as the 'Father of Mathematics' due to his contributions to number theory, geometry, and the Pythagorean theorem.

The Pythagorean theorem is one of the most well-known and widely used theorems in mathematics.

Both Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz are credited with independently developing the concept of calculus in the 17th century.

Pi (π) is a mathematical constant that represents the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

René Descartes is often regarded as the 'Father of Modern Mathematics' due to his contributions to analytic geometry and the development of Cartesian coordinates.

Number theory is the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of patterns in numbers.

Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky and János Bolyai are credited with independently developing the concept of non-Euclidean geometry in the 19th century.

Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of shapes and their properties.

Évariste Galois is often regarded as the 'Father of Abstract Algebra' due to his contributions to group theory and Galois theory.

Algebra is the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of functions and their properties.

Henri Poincaré is often credited with developing the concept of topology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Set theory is the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of sets and their properties.

Karl Weierstrass is often regarded as the 'Father of Modern Analysis' due to his contributions to the development of real analysis and complex analysis.

Probability theory is the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of probability and statistics.

John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern are credited with developing the concept of game theory in the mid-20th century.