Surrealism, with its emphasis on the subconscious and dreamlike imagery, emerged as a reaction to the political and social turmoil of the interwar period.

The Mexican muralists used their art to promote political and social change by depicting scenes of everyday life and labor, incorporating indigenous symbols and motifs, and creating large-scale murals in public spaces.

Pablo Picasso's work, particularly during his Blue and Guernica periods, often explored themes of political oppression and social injustice.

The Dada movement challenged traditional notions of art and its relationship to politics by creating anti-art and performance art, rejecting the idea of artistic genius, and embracing absurdity and irrationality.

Kara Walker, Kehinde Wiley, and Kerry James Marshall are all artists whose work often addresses issues of race, identity, and social justice.

The Pop Art movement of the 1950s and 1960s reflected the political and cultural landscape of the time by incorporating popular culture imagery and consumer goods into art, challenging traditional notions of high and low art, and satirizing political figures and events.

Jenny Holzer, Barbara Kruger, and Gran Fury are all artists whose work often explored the relationship between art and propaganda.

The Guerrilla Girls used art to challenge sexism and discrimination in the art world by creating anonymous posters and billboards, organizing protests and demonstrations, and infiltrating art institutions and events.

Olafur Eliasson, Ai Weiwei, and Yayoi Kusama are all artists whose work often addressed issues of environmental degradation and climate change.

The Fluxus movement challenged traditional notions of art and its relationship to politics by creating ephemeral and participatory art, rejecting the idea of artistic genius, and embracing anti-art and performance art.

Shirin Neshat, Mona Hatoum, and Wangechi Mutu are all artists whose work often explored themes of identity, displacement, and migration.

The Situationist International used art to critique capitalism and consumerism by creating détournements and happenings, organizing protests and demonstrations, and infiltrating mass media and advertising.

Judy Chicago, Ana Mendieta, and Marina Abramovic are all artists whose work often addressed issues of gender inequality and sexual violence.

The Arte Povera movement challenged traditional notions of art and its relationship to politics by using everyday materials and objects in their art, rejecting the idea of artistic genius, and embracing anti-art and performance art.

Christian Boltanski, Anselm Kiefer, and Gerhard Richter are all artists whose work often explored themes of memory, loss, and trauma.