Surface waves are waves that occur on the surface of a liquid, where the particles of the liquid move in a circular motion.

Wave interference is the phenomenon where two or more waves interact and combine to form a new wave, resulting in constructive or destructive interference depending on the phase difference between the waves.

Euler's equation is a fundamental equation in fluid dynamics that describes the force acting on a fluid particle due to the pressure gradient.

Oceanography is the study of the physical properties and processes of the ocean, including its currents, waves, and tides.

Ekman transport is a type of ocean current that flows from the equator towards the poles due to the Coriolis effect.

Wave breaking is the process by which waves transfer energy to the shoreline, resulting in the erosion of beaches and cliffs.

Wave refraction is the phenomenon where waves bend as they pass from one medium to another, such as from water to air.

The thermocline is a layer of the ocean where temperature changes rapidly with depth.

Wave engineering is the study of the interaction between waves and structures, such as ships, offshore platforms, and coastal defenses.

Wave reflection is the phenomenon where waves bounce back from a surface, such as a beach or a cliff.

Internal waves are waves that occur at the interface between two fluids, such as water and air.

Meteorology is the study of the physical properties and processes of the atmosphere, including its weather patterns and climate.

Wave diffraction is the phenomenon where waves spread out as they pass through an opening or around an obstacle.

Upwelling is the upward movement of deep, cold water to the surface.

Elastic waves are waves that occur in a solid material, such as a metal or a crystal.